How is "foreign object debris" (FOD) defined?

The definition of "foreign object debris" (FOD) is focused on any item located on the runway or taxiway that is not part of the aircraft or airport operations and poses a risk to aircraft safety. This includes items that could potentially cause damage to an aircraft during takeoff, landing, or while taxiing. The presence of FOD can lead to serious incidents, including engine damage or tire punctures, making its identification and removal critical for maintaining airside safety.

In contrast, personal items left behind by passengers do not necessarily qualify as FOD if they do not end up on the operational surfaces. Similarly, tools and equipment used by airport staff are considered essential and part of the operational environment, while unused vehicles parked may not directly pose an immediate hazard but are also not classified as FOD in the same way operational items are. Thus, understanding the specific implications of FOD is vital for ensuring a safe airside environment, which is why the correct definition centers on items that threaten aircraft operations.